See references below for related reading.

6.1      Introduction
6.1.1    the general problem of cell entry
6.1.2    choosing modes of cell entry
6.1.3    how does Nature do it? (biomimetics)

6.2      Non-specific uptake mechanisms
6.2.1    pinocytosis by all cells
6.2.2    phagocytosis by some cells
6.2.3    a recent study of Qdot NP uptake

6.3      Nanoparticle uptake
6.3.1    NP size matters
6.3.2    NP shape matters
6.3.3    NP agglomeration reduces uptake
6.3.4    A sample study

6.4      Receptor-mediated uptake
6.4.1    Receptor mediated transport of desired molecules
6.4.2    How to study uptake mechanisms by inhibiting pathways with specific drugs
6.4.3    Some sample studies

6.5      Effects of nanoparticle coatings
6.5.1    Acrylate-Facilitated Cellular Uptake
6.5.2    Polyethyleneimine Coating Enhancement of Cellular Uptake

6.6      Effects of microenvironment and external stimuli

Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell Garland Science 4th Edition, New York, pp. 646-656. 2002.

Chithrani,B.D., Ghazani,A.A., Chan, W.C.W. "Determining the Size and Shape Dependence of Gold Nanoparticle Uptake into Mammalian Cells." NANO LETTERS Vol. 6, No. 4 662-668 (2006).

Jing,Y., Mal,N., Williams,P.S., Mayorga,M., Penn,M.S., Chalmers,J.J., Zborowski, M. "Quantitative intracellular magnetic nanoparticle uptake measured by live cell magnetophoresis." The FASEB Journal 22: 4239 – 4246 (2008).

Xiao, Y., Forry, S.P., Gao, X., Holbrook, R.D., Telford, W.G., Tona, A. “Dynamics and mechanisms of quantum dot nanoparticle cellular uptake” Journal of Nanobiotechnology 8:13 pp. 1-9 (2010).

Zhang, L.W., Monteiro-Riviere, N.A "Mechanisms of Quantum Dot Nanoparticle Cellular Uptake." Toxicological Sciences 110(1), 138–155 (2009).

Xia, T., Kovochich, M., Liong, M., Meng, H., Kabehie, S., George, S., Zink, J.I., Nel, A.E. “Polyethyleneimine Coating Enhances the Cellular Uptake of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Allows Safe Delivery of siRNA and DNA Constructs” ACS Nano 3(10): 3273–3286, 2009.

Krpetić, Ž., Nativo, P., Prior, I. A. and Brust, M. “Acrylate-Facilitated Cellular Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles” Small 7: 1982–1986, (2011).

Guo, S., and Huang, L. “Nanoparticles Escaping RES and Endosome: Challenges for siRNA Delivery for Cancer Therapy” Journal of Nanomaterials Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 742895, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2011/742895

Schmaljohann, D. “Thermo- and pH-responsive polymers in drug delivery” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 58: 1655–1670, (2006).

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

• James Leary (2011), "BME 695L Lecture 6: Normal & Facilitated Cell Entry Mechanisms," https://nanohub.org/resources/12123.

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1. biomedical engineering
2. course lecture
3. nanomedicine